I attended a grocers convention a few years ago and David Hayes Bautista gave the following account of how the Cinco de Mayo holiday originated. You will learn much about the holiday by reading the accont below, known in the US mostly as an excuse to drink beer. Even if you only remember a few facts, it’s sure to be a conversation starter.
Cinco de Mayo has its roots in the French occupation of Mexico in 1846-60. The Mexican-American War of 1846-8, Civil War of 1858 and Reform Wars of 1860 left the Mexican Treasury in ruins and nearly bankrupt. On July 17, 1861, Mexican President Benito Juárez had no cash, so issued a moratorium in which all foreign debt payments would be suspended for two years. In response, France, Britain, and Spain sent naval forces to Veracruz to demand payment. Britain and Spain negotiated with Mexico and withdrew, but France, at the time ruled by Napoleon III, decided to use the opportunity to establish a Latin empire in Mexico that would favor French interests. So he sent his fleet to acquire.
Late in 1861, a well-armed French fleet stormed Veracruz, landing a large French force and driving President Juárez and his government into retreat. From Veracruz, the French army encountered heavy resistance from the Mexicans near Puebla, at the Mexican forts of Loreto and Guadalupe. The 8,000-strong French army attacked the much more poorly equipped Mexican army of 4,000. It was a Goliath vs. David fight. Yet, on May 5, 1862,the Mexicans managed to decisively crush the French army, and, according to an article in Philadelphia’s The Bulletin daily newspaper, was the best army of the time.
The victory represented a morale boost to the Mexican army and the Mexican people at large. In the description of The History Channel, “Although not a major strategic win in the overall war against the French, Zaragoza’s success at Puebla represented a great symbolic victory for the Mexican government and bolstered the resistance movement.” The description of Time magazine was: “The Puebla victory came to symbolize unity and pride” for Mexico “for It helped establish a much-needed sense of national unity and patriotism.”
Thirty thousand troops and a full year later, the French were able to depose the Mexican army, capture Mexico City, and establish a new ruler of Mexico.However, the French victory was also short-lived, lasting only 3 years, from 1864 to 1867. When the U.S. Civil War over in 1865, the U.S. was able to provide more assistance to Mexico to expel the French, after which Maximilian I was executed by the Mexicans, along with his Mexican generals Miramón and Mejía, in the Cerro de las Campanas
The Battle of Puebla was important for at least two reasons. First, although considerably outnumbered, the Mexicans defeated a much better-equipped French army. “This battle was significant in that the 4,000 Mexican soldiers were greatly outnumbered by the well-equipped French army of 8,000 that had not been defeated for almost 50 years.” Second, it was significant because since the Battle of Puebla, no country in the Americas has been invaded by any other European military force.
Source: Wikipedia, Dr. David Hayes Bautista, UCLA Professor